Proje Ne Hakkında? What is the exhibition about? |
Sergi Kurgusu Exhibition Structure |
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… Merdivenleri yolların kaç basamaktan oluştuğundan, kemer kavislerinin açı derinliğinden, çatıların hangi kurşun levhalarla kaplandığından söz edebilirim sana; ama şimdiden biliyorum, hiçbir şey söylememiş olacağım sonunda. Zira bir kenti kent yapan şey bunlar değil, kapladığı alanın ölçüleri ile geçmişinde olup bitenler arasındaki ilişkidir. … Anılardan akıp giden bu dalgayı bir sünger gibi emer kent, ve genişler. Oysa kent geçmişini dile vurmaz, çizik çentik, oyma ve kakmalarında zamanın izini taşıyan her parçasına, sokak köşelerine, pencere parmaklıklarına, merdiven tırabzanlarına, paratoner antenlerine, bayrak direklerine yazılı geçmişini bir elin çizgisi gibi barındırır içinde. Italo Calvino / Görünmez Kentler |
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İstanbul, diğer birçok çağdaş kent gibi sürekli bir değişimi içinde barındırır. Binlerce yıllık geçmişine rağmen hala canlılığını korumasını, birçok etkenin yanı sıra bu değişimlere de borçludur. Hep aynı kalan ve hareketsiz bırakılan kentlerin, çoğu zaman çözülüp yok olduğu görülür. Dünyada birçok tarihi kent kendini yenileyemediği için tarihe gömülürken, İstanbul yaşamın sürekli olarak devam ettiği az sayıda tarihi kentten biridir. Bu değişim, doğal olarak kente yıkımı da beraberinde getirir, bu yüzden yıkımı kentin var oluş biçimlerinden birisi olarak kabul edebiliriz. Yıkım kavramının çağdaş kentin kaçınılmaz bir parçası olduğu bir gerçek, ancak yıkımı ve yıkılanları hafızalardan silmek de kenti öldürmekle eş anlam taşır; çünkü kent, onu oluşturan hikayelerin toplamıdır. Bu yüzden kentin “yapım”ları kadar yıkımları da önemlidir, ve bu yıkımların güncel kalması gerekir. Bu yaklaşımla, yok olanları ve bunların hikayelerini kentlinin belleğine geri çağırmak, İstanbul’un ortak bilincini oluşturmada önemli bir role sahip. İstanbul'un yıkımları
İstanbul’da her zaman etkili olmuş başlıca felaketler yangın ve depremdir. İsyanlar, nüfus hareketleri, mimarlık modalarının değişmesi gibi nedenler de kentte değişimlere yol açsa da, 18. yüzyılda başlayıp, özellikle 20. yüzyılda yoğunlaşan modernleşme çabaları ve bunların getirdiği imar hareketleri en az doğal felaketler kadar yıkıcı sonuçlar getirdi. Savaş yıkımını yaşamış olan Avrupa’nın belleğinde “yıkım” ve bunun kaybettirdikleri taze iken, savaş yıkımı yaşamamış olmasına rağmen birçok yapının yok olduğu İstanbul’da ise yıkımlar birkaç özel örnek dışında hafızalarda değildir. I could tell you how many steps make up the streets rising like stairways, and the degree of the arcade’s curves… but I already know this would be the same as telling you nothing. The city does not consist of this, but of relationships between the measurements of its space and the events of its past. … as this wave from memories flows in, the city soaks it up like a sponge and expands… the city, however, does not tell its past, but contains like the lines of a hand, written in the corners of the streets, the gratings of the window, the banisters of the steps, the antennae of the lighting rods, the poles of the flags, every segment marked in turn with scratches, indentations, scrolls. Italo Calvino, Invisible Cities Istanbul, like many other contemporary cities is in constant change. It owes the fact that it is still a lively city to this constant change. Cities that always stay the same, cities that are motionless perish over time. While many cities in the world vanished because they couldn’t renew themselves, Istanbul remained as one of the rare cities where life continued without interruption. This change naturally brings destructions to the city, so that we can consider destruction as one of the forms of existence of the city. The concept of destruction is inevitable in a city, but to erase this destruction and the destructed from the memories is equal to killing the city, because the city is the sum of all its stories. That’s why the destructions in the city are as important as its constructions, and the architectural losses need to be kept actual. According to this approach, recalling the destructed and their stories back to the memories of the citizens is important in creating a common consciousness about Istanbul. “History and Destruction in Istanbul/ Ghost Buildings” project starts from this very point. The project that is supported by the Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture Agency, opens the destructions and reconstructions in the city to discussion through 12 selected buildings. These buildings, that do not exist anymore, are selected from different historical eras of Istanbul considering different destruction causes and they form the framework of the exhibition. After an in depth research about the architectural history of the selected buildings, they will be recreated in computer environment. Following the historical research, the question “what would have happened if these destruction never took place? ” will be the starting point for the creation of different urban scenarios about the buildings. The results will be shared with public through in-situ installations, an exhibition and an exhibition catalogue. Destructions in Istanbul
Fire and earthquakes are the major disasters that always haunted Istanbul. Other causes like riots, massive population movements, and changes in architectural fashions also caused changes, but nothing has affected the city as drastically as the modernization efforts that started in the 18th century and intensified during the 20th century, and the constructions that followed these modernization movements. While “destruction” is still fresh in the memories of the European cities that have undergone the destruction of war; Istanbul, that did not take any war damage has lost many of its buildings as well, but their demolitions are not alive in the memories of the citizens. How would it be if the huge neoclassical mass of the 19th century Darülfünun Building that was constructed next to Hagia Sophia still existed? Erecting a building of this size at same location today will definitely cause fierce discussions. And what if the Taksim Barracks in Taksim wasn’t destroyed in order to make way for the Gezi Park, how would this have effected Taksim square? Or what if the Polyeuktos Church, that is of the same age as Hagia Sophia and that was discovered ironically during the demolitions for the Atatürk Boulevard could reach in its entire grandeur our day? An overall consideration of the causes of destructions of the selected buildings: Sadabad Palace was ruined during a riot that resulted in the destruction of most of the buildings of Ahmet III, in a similar way the Ayastefanos Memorial was destroyed with dynamite during the first years of WW I because it was a Russian monument. Buildings like İncili Köşk, parts of Direklerarası, Galata Walls and the Old Çırağan Palace on the Bosphorus were destroyed during the modernization efforts of the late Ottoman era. Taksim barracks and Çandarlı Hamam were demolished during the modernization efforts of the Republican period. The destruction of the Polyeuktos Church seems to be related to the 4th Crusade in 13th century, whereas the Antiochos Palace in Sultanahmet had lost its importance during the ages, and turned into ruins. “History and Destruction in Istanbul/ Ghost Buildings” project certainly doesn’t aim at creating a nostalgia about the past, on the contrary, the present day is its main concern, as these destructions still continue today. The exhibition, the installations, the catalogue and the website will try to keep the memories of these destructions fresh, as well as to open them to discussion. In short the project will try to read Istanbul through its scars, scratches and cuts, and share the results with public. |
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